Actual Outcomes of Paris Peace Conference Essay

Down and out in Paris and London is the work of an elite author by name George Orwell which was published in 1933. It explains in two parts, the subject of poverty about two cities. It gives an account of his survival in Paris and his experience as a casual laborer. In his second part he tells of his life in London. This he uses the viewpoint of a tramp and what accommodation is available. This book so compelling as it is written in a way that it gives a personal touch as Orwell tells of his opinions. George Orwell visualizes how poverty can pull people together as they try to find a solution to their predicaments. He gives a picture of how people in need and of course the peasant’s takes friendship seriously. Coming together is the only way to get a solution for their almost similar issues. George Orwell in his writings addresses the needs of the poor and their issues but he uses his experience to show that poverty is not permanent. Orwell life in the streets taught him that it’s not everybody in the street that is lazy but it’s just that their hard work is hardly rewarded. One can have beautiful plans but he never knows what lies ahead. See more:  Capital budgeting essay His efforts for the first year only brought him twenty pounds and just as he had plans to save and maybe redeem himself an obstacle in form of a thief shattered his dreams. The poor have a way of sticking together and are easily moved by the experiences of the others. Orwell never became a radical but rather he took an outside position, as he probed into the environment of the workers and the poor. He was skeptical of the working class capacity in politics. Though he emphasized of middle class failure to mingle with the working class, he had a kinship attraction to the working class. He was in love with their culture and defended them as decent people defied by economic factors. Orwell is criticized for putting more emphases on confidential social characteristics as preferred to the material discrepancies and conflicts among the labor and the owners of capital. He imagined the common people still lived lives of absolute morals and bad from which intellectuals had escaped long ago. Orwell rejects anti-essentialist pattern. This leads him to a suspicion that the intelligentsia never sought to mingle with the working class but rather to overrun them. Orwell appreciates the low housing values like tactless, stupid, sexist humor, and bawdiness not for what it represents but for what it is. He hails beer and those who take it. He legitimizes the culture of the working class that is the racist and sexist themes. Their loyalty to guns and capital punishment must not be marked as impacts of alienation but can be made regal by the culture. The middle class have had a lot of feedback from Orwell as ties to identify with the working class. The great depression was a serious economic crisis between 1929 and 1933. It led to so many people loosing their jobs and even the farmers were not spared. Businesses went bankrupt and industries were incapacitated. In his book down and out in Paris and London, George Orwell tells of his experience in while living with the unemployed and the miners. However, the most significant thing between the Great depression and George Orwell, is that this is when he was â€Å"born†. Just to give an insight, a child Eric Blair was born to a family of British middle class in 1903 in India. In his child hood, he had experienced the good side of the British empire and had the best education. Blair’s future seemed bright and naturally he was expected to follow in his dad’s footstep. Thus in 1922, he linked up with the imperial police who were stationed in Burma. However, Blair had gotten his suspicion for the ruling class and their unlawful authority as he was undergoing education in Eton. After working for five years, his conscious could not stand the oppression and exploitation in Burma. Thus he returned back to Britain influenced to be anti- imperialist. Upon his return, he was obviously not taking sides with the rule of the day and thus, to avoid bringing shame to his family, he was reborn through a change of name to George Orwell. His rebirth was marked by the documentations he wrote outlining the poor and the working class oppression. Among these documentaries was the book Down and Out in Paris and London 1933. The book Down and out in Paris and London has great connections with the history of Europe. First the writer gives a candid experience of the lives of the working class in London and in Paris. These cities are in Europe and thus a rather raw picture of Europe during the depression which has a great mark in European history is painted. The book literally talks more of the European history but in other words. The casual houses or the spikes are terms synonymous with the European world. It is in this book that George fighting in the Spanish war for the republicans during the Second World War. Some of these experiences are what we learn in the European history but they sound more convincing when they come from a man who really had an upper hand as they happened. In conclusion This book is a perfect picture of the specific historical details about the political and economic circumstances of Europe in the 1920s and early 1930s. Orwell describes poverty as he saw it and experienced it. It is brutal, debilitating, full of suffering and demeaning to the core of one’s being. It was almost impossible for George to publish his book. It is disputed as to whether the original publication really came to see the light of the day. Many publishers could not agree to publish George’s book as the reality covered in it was really a sore to the authorities. The authorities could agree to face the reality that some of its people in the lower levels were being mistreated. They would rather stick to their belief that it was out of their own fault that they had to lead so miserable live. George had a tough time trying to convince that the lower class was decent people facing economic obstacles. The empathy exhibited by George was vey touchy. Some pessimistic argue the fact whether George was merely taking journalistic adventure. However, we get to learn the virtue of empathy in its essence.

A Contrasting Comparison of Women at Home and in the Work Field

The modern day woman has become more than just a counterpart in a male dominated workplace. She has become the epitome of a successful person. The modern day career woman often wears 2 hats or more. Her personality has become more flexible as the needs in her life have grown more complex and time consuming.Yes, a woman today is more than just a woman is. She is now a daughter, wife, mother, friend, economist, and anything and everything else that she has to be in between. Seeing a modern day wife and mother makes me wonder what it was like for the children and husbands of yesteryears. Before the hectic life of today, when most families are forced to live on 2 incomes from the husband and wife, a woman seemed to lead a stress free life.Her only worry then was how to cook the chicken defrosting on the kitchen counter. When exactly did this change happen? How has it affected the way a family functions these days? Believe it or not, there was actually a time in history when women stayed at home and took care of the family. This was all before World War 2 changed the landscape of the workplace as the people of then new it to be.Before the war broke out in 1948, women were content to stay at home. Wives took care of the household while the men worked and provided the finances needed to sustain his family. Women were content to stay home and take care of the children.The children were happy because they came home from school or play time and had somebody at home with a glass of thirst quenching lemonade for them or freshly baked cookies for a snack. The women were more supportive of their brood.As a mother, the women made sure that the children were well taken care of, more secure in the thought that their mother loved them because they could see her and feel it more and often. A mother's role then is just as important as a mother's role now. Mother's then were not as stressed out as they are today. Yes, women then were also tired and stressed out.They were very busy and already had 24 hour work days. They were happier though. This is because they dealt with only one situation at a time and the routine did not vary that often so that dealing with any problems posed before them seemed so trivial and common sensical.Then unexpectedly, the United States got involved in World War 2 on June 6, 1944. This is the date that changed the family and working man's landscape forever. Women were at this time already slowly entering various workplaces.The war accelerated their entry even more. As most men shipped off to fight the war, women were left at home and were forced into the unexpected situation of having to be both mother and father, care giver and provider for their brood. Women began working where men used to work as a show of support for the soldiers overseas who were giving their lives in order to make sure that the families of the world would continue to live free from tyranny.This was the start of the subtle changes in the family dynamics into w hat we now know it to be. Slowly, the mother and wife figure, the woman kids could always trust and talk to, their mom, the woman who made sure that a hot meal waited for her husband when he got home tired from work started to disappear from the world.After the war, women chose to continue down the new path that had opened up for them. Women felt that it gave them equal footing with men and working gave them a new sense of fulfillment that they used to augment what was now to them a boring life of a housewife.This movement continued to evolve until women finally became the dual careered women of today. She is both a mother and an employee. A wife and an executive, you name it, she can do it. Women of the 21st century have seemingly perfected the art of multitasking.All of this progress in the woman's empowerment movement came at a high cost to their families though. As women discovered that they are more than just pretty faces who could do other things aside from care for the men an d the family, the very foundation that had the woman as its supportive backbone suffered a huge blow. The families of today have become very vulnerable to disintegration.Now, because both parents are already working due to the high cost of living, nobody is around to supervise the upbringing of the children anymore. Latchkey kids are now the norm and the lack of parental supervision have allowed kids the freedom to experiment with crime and drugs.Divorce has become more common these days.   As the husband and wife lose time for their family, lose the time to talk to each other and find out how they are faring in their lives as individuals, a couple and parents, the end up following the misguided belief that more money means a stronger family. Money does not make for a happy family.Togetherness and understanding does. This is what the families of yesteryears had that we no longer have today.  These days, a woman, as a mother and wife does want to give her family their due respect , love and understanding. But she is just so burned out from work all the time that she unintentionally vents on her family by taking what little time she can offer to them in terms of quality time away from them.This usually happens because the woman already loses her sense of self worth and who she really is. Once again, this is something that did not exist for women before 1942.The war did not affect just the psyche of men; In fact, the effects of that war have reached farther than ever thought possible. It took away the innocence of women and replaced it with females who have a need to constantly prove that they can equal the man in any field or work place.I guess it will take more time before the women can complete their evolution into the perfect being. In my mind, this is the woman who can be career driven in the work place, but still be the caring housewife and mother who existed back in the years before World War 2.Works Cited:Cristina Giampoli's Homepage. History 175 Proje ct. November 25, 2006.

Wireless networks technology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wireless networks technology - Assignment Example Nowadays we can see the huge number of applications of the wireless networking in almost every walk of life and business. There are numerous applications of wireless networking. Through the wireless networking technology the office or home based working becomes easier. We have obtained new facilities regarding the domestic life and place of working in a business, for instance, now it has become easier to have the facility of the data and information sharing, printers, files, and Internet access among entire structure of the computers network. For instance someone has a printer at home and he wants to print a file through the laptop. In this scenario there is no need to link the laptop with the printer. Simply, he has to give the command of print and wirelessly linked printer will print the document (Swan). The fundamental advantage of the wireless technology is the elimination and mobility of unsightly cables. Here we have another main advantage in maintaining the network structure. We need to put less effort to establish and configure the Wireless networks. A more significant aspect of this Wireless networks technology is less costly establishment of network structure.In case of LAN the main disadvantage of the Wireless networks technology is about the limited coverage of the Wireless networks architecture in a working structure. Another main disadvantage of this technology is about the less feasible potential for the wireless radio technology interference in case of bad weather. S

Ways to Alleviate Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ways to Alleviate Poverty - Essay Example Poverty is found in both the rural and urban settings, however, recent studies have shown that urban poverty is on the rise which could lead to growing inequalities among the people and finally end in conflict. The misconception of poverty stricken people residing in the rural areas that life is better off in the urban regions has only increased urban poverty (United Nations Economic). Considering this fact and also the associated negative effects of poverty such as child abuse and violence, malnutrition, unhealthy living conditions and the increasing informal settlements have resulted in the need to address poverty and provide suitable solutions to alleviate poverty (Leschied; United Nations Economic). There has been an increasing growth in economy over the past years that have given immense opportunity to people to grow. However, it would not be wise to assume that such economic development would benefit every individual living in poverty. The only other means to enhance the living conditions of the poorer sector is through introduction of suitable policies which are aimed at increasing their productivity and employment opportunities, increase investments on the small scale informal sectors where people living in poverty usually find employment, provide better living conditions for the poor and empower the poor population by providing their due social recognition. All this could be achieved through able governance with the help of other non-governmental organizations and the community as a whole. Those living under poverty have found immense employment opportunities in some informal working sector and the public and private sector companies will have to learn from the informal sectors about providing opportunities to the lower-income population. In order to increase job opportunities to the poor, the labor regulations imposed by the government should be aimed at maintaining the security provided to the existing employees. Another vital factor that would incre ase the employment of the poor is provision of adequate access to education, especially for girls, by which the literacy rate and access to employment can be attained among the poverty stricken population. In addition, investments to increase the capital of the informal working sector that employs people living in poverty should be expanded in order to provide better wages to the employees and thereby improve their living conditions. Additionally the government will also have to regularly review the regulations and procedures that are required for the operation of these informal sectors. Examples of such investments and regulatory changes have been the expansion of social collateral for the informal sector and the provision of land security for shops and workshops in the informal sector. Urban agriculture can also provide employment options for the poor sector and thus help in poverty reduction. The poor should also have banking access as it would alleviate their need to depend upon moneylenders and help them with their savings and loan requirements. Such facilities will enhance the self-confidence of the poor to start their own ventures thus paving the way for their development. In addition, if the housing needs of the poor are taken care by the government by the introduction of a security measure for their land tenure, it would help them to better their living conditions as they would not have to live with the constant fear of vacating the informal settlements. In addition, the government should also ensure that all the settlements have basic amenities such as water supply, drainage facilities, proper sanitation, good roads and power

Brand Management and Research Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Brand Management and Research - Coursework Example However, brand image becomes important both in the context of the marketer and the consumer (Holt, 2002) In the case of the laptop brands like Apple, HP and Acer, the brands are influential and potentially capable of shaping up the market trends. An evaluative approach would analyse the laptop brands not only on the basis of product quality but also on the basis of the very brand image. Apple is perhaps a very strong brand in the world of laptop market. It is an innovative and capable market leader. The brand image of Apple is based on a lot of anticipation from the customers. The Apple brand actually raises expectations. Apple has been such a strong brand that the corporation ventured to make the year 2003 the year of laptops. This was stated by Steve Jobs, Apple’s CEO, in his speech at the Macworld conference, San Francisco. Aptly, the brand image of Apple inspires â€Å"technolust† and creates a stir in the market with every new release in the array of its quality pr oducts (Albritton, 2003). From the perspective of critical reflection, evaluating the laptop brand from the customer’s point of view is worthy. Apple laptops would smoothly connect on the go. The Apple laptop is compact and elegantly designed. Using it in a meeting or conference is likely to create a good impression. It has a large Multi-Touch glass trackpad on its aluminium body. The built-in iSight video camera is a technological beauty (Reinhold, 2009). Moreover, customer experience tells that it has a large display and respectable battery life (Allbritton, 2003). Overall, the brand image of Apple is innovative and adventurous. HP, on the other hand, is a brand that has an influential image as an organisation. It has a worldwide presence and a strong customer relationship management system. HP offers great after-sales support as a strong and powerful organisation. The brand has top level support and formidable investment of resources. As a laptop brand, it is backed with a mechanism of design and redesign which is apt to adjust in the rapidly changing laptop markets. The group dynamics at HP are productive and help it to survive as an organisation in fierce competition (Zell, 1997). The brand image of HP is rather dependable and the company is always ready to assist its customers. It can be rightly called an international giant in the world of information technology. With a wide range of other electronic products, HP has a reliable brand image in the laptop markets too. The company has shown phenomenal growth throughout its history. It is relatively an older international brand that started its operations in the year 1938. The brand image of HP offers a blend of strong organisation, considerable business experience and competent customer support (Pham-Gia, 2009). Companies like BenQ and Acer are known for designing and making several ICT products for other companies. The brand image of Acer is thus not as impressive as that of Apple and HP. Still, Ac er is a known name in the laptop markets. It has established a respectable brand image and it is one of the largest brands of monitors and laptops in Europe (Martin, 2006). Acer, however, depends on low cost manufacturing bases to maintain the economy of its production lines. The company has outsourced many of its manufacturing processes to Eastern Asia. As a brand, it has to depend largely on the cost-effectiveness of its products (Yu, 2007). By means of relevant

Property ownership, oral evidence (parole) Assignment

Property ownership, oral evidence (parole) - Assignment Example However, in some cases verbal agreements may be considered as evidence. In instances where a written contract contains clerical or typographical errors, oral evidence may be presented after the written agreement since the written agreement in such a case does not show the true agreement made. Clerical errors may make alter the meaning of the contract or may omit critical details in the contract. In such occasions, the complainant may be allowed to present verbal contracts as evidence. The court may also consider the verbal contract in cases where one party entered into a contract under duress, mistake, fraud or undue influence. Contracts that are entered into under pressure force are considered as null and void and thereby giving room to presentation of verbal agreements. Verbal agreement may also be accepted after a contract if one of the parties proves to the court that there was a separate agreement made between the parties. In cases where a written contract is ambiguous, verbal a greement may be used in order to clarify the true meaning of the contract. The law of sales involves many written and oral agreements which contribute to determining a court’s decisions when the two parties cannot agree or are in a dispute. In cases regarding sale of property, the law allows the court to refer to prior, contemporaneous, and subsequent verbal agreements in order to supplement the written agreement or give better and detailed explanations of the written agreement (Klass, 2010). In property sales cases, the court examines factors such as course dealing, trade usage and proof of consistent additional terms. Paul’s property purchase should present a written agreement that shows that the house was sold together with carpet. If such terms  are not in the  written agreement, he should prove that they had verbally agreed that the carpet will be sold together with house. The company may also produce evidence that will show that in previous business transaction

Essay question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Question - Essay Example agricultural plantations (coffee, sugar, tobacco, cotton, and cocoa fields), in silver and gold mines, in the shipping and construction industries, and as house slaves. These Africans work without pay as indentured servants (euphemistically termed as apprentices for life). Certain kinds of work determine the gender of slaves sold and transported. For jobs in textile factories or in the home and large plantations (the Brazilian term for this is fazenda); for example, textile factories required more men than women slaves, while the fazenda needed more female slaves due to the large amount of spinning and weaving work; most fazendas were in northeastern parts of Brazil (van Voss et al. 96). Slaves in rural areas were treated much worse, tranforming them into beasts as conditions were very bad indeed it was considered as a living hell for slaves (Conrad 71). City slaves in Brazil were thrown into mass graves, without any individual identification. Africa became a wasteland as many men and women were forcibly taken from their families; this in turn led to a marked decline in African culture as people lost contact with their heritage and traditions. Additionally, whole tribes and societies were practically wiped out, especially those Africans living near th e coastal areas, although white traders penetrated to the interior also to capture additional black slaves. Most of the Founding Fathers acknowledged the inherent conflict between slavery and ideals of liberty and equality; however, they were also realistic in their views that America cannot survive without slave labor, especially in the large plantations of the South. It was a compromise they reached to preserve the integrity and independence of the new nation. A crucial provision for emancipation passed during the Continental Congress was abandoned and rejected to appease the Founding Fathers from the South who were slave owners. Manifest Destiny was an attempt by the American politicians to formulate a foreign

Social AND Environmental Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Social AND Environmental Accounting - Assignment Example Each group has its own interests; these interests are directly or indirectly affected by the activities of the companies. These stakeholders are; local communities, environmental groups such as Friends of Earth and Greenpeace, media, political and other pressure groups. Additionally, the impacts of companies’ activities have considerably increased. In the recent history, the mismanagement of oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico by British Petroleum (BP) has unmasked the dirty and unethical corporate practices exist; and their existence can seriously undermine the life of stakeholders. For example, BP is heavily fined over its mismanagement of oil spill. Is that fine going to bring back the same kind of environment that existed before the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico? Is the damage to the environment ever being repaired to its pre-oil spill level? Can we fully understand the total impacts of the oil spill over the sea life? In this single environmental disaster at the hands of BP , the entire sea life may face a threat of extinction since it is not possible at this point of time to fully comprehend the short term and long term impacts left by this environmental disaster. ... While ensuring the corporate objectives, many companies do not give much consideration to the current and potential negative effects of their activities. Due to the recent pressures from the governments, local communities and from the environmental groups, many companies produce the reports on corporate social responsibility and sustainability reporting. In which, companies mention their positive and negative impacts of their activities on social and environmental stakeholders: They try to be transparent and accountable for their activities. In their sustainability and environmental reporting, the companies also describe their current policies towards social and environmental issues. In order to show off that they care for the social and environmental stakeholders, they mention in their sustainability reporting about their current and future investments with an aim of reducing their negative impacts over society and environment. However, many critics such as Friedman (1970), find no reason to believe on their genuine and realistic resolve towards mitigating their impacts as the companies are only established to serve the objectives of their shareholders which is to increase profits for them. Their only social responsibility is to increase the wealth of their shareholders Friedman (1970); at the end of the day, they are accountable to them not to society. In the subsequent parts of this essay, first environmental accounting, and its different types are included and critical analysis is included subsequently. Environmental accounting Environmental accounting has considerably evolved and received significant attention in the field of accounting after the work of the Gray in the year of 1990(Elkington,1993). Many

The Arab Spring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Arab Spring - Essay Example The Arab Spring Freedom that if we do in other countries could either send us to jail or even killed. Yet we take it as an entitlement, something like a birthright. Not so long ago, there was a movement or uprising called The Arab Spring in the Middle East. We all saw it on TV, internet, newspapers and other forms of media but never really cared about. It was a movement of citizens to rise against their governments to have freedom and democracy so that their lives will become better. We may not realize it, but the freedom that our forefathers fought with blood, sweat and tears is not currently enjoyed by many people in other countries. Today, even as this paper is written, there are still a lot of people struggling and fighting for freedom. In the country of Syria, there is now a civil war going on where people have to fight, suffer and die by the thousands, sometimes brutally, just to have freedom. It started in the exercise of freedom that we take granted – protesting and speaking against t he government. While this exercise of freedom is taken very casually here in the United states, that exercise of freedom in Syria was fired upon by the government forces where innocent civilians died. There are still a lot of countries where people do not have the freedom to speak against or criticize their governments. It may be a cliche to mention but its truism never fades no matter how many it is repeated – that we will never know the true value of freedom until it is taken away from us.

How Has Hooliganism (Spectator Violence) Permeated The World Of Essay

How Has Hooliganism (Spectator Violence) Permeated The World Of English Soccer - Essay Example The activities or manner is now known as soccer hooliganism which began in England near the beginning of 1950's (Giulanotti, 1994, Pp 12-13). In other European countries, parallel models of behaviour appeared about fifteen or twenty years later, near the beginning of 1970's. Italian fans fashioned a mainly obsessive variety of football support known as Ultras, who are now a chief force in the Italian sport and are widespread in a some other EU states. Football hooliganism is extremely complicated to describe, mostly for the reason that the media have been tremendously supple and undefined in assigning the "hooligan" tag to diverse occasions. The majority to mean disarray or confusion concerning football enthusiasts sees football hooliganism. Frequently this engages illegal actions and in the majority - but surely not all - cases takes place either at or just earlier than or after a football contest. Much football-throng chaos is impulsive, but a lot is set by bunch of criminals or gangsters who connect themselves to football societies and assemble to meet, and clash, from other societies (Crawford, 2004, Pp 42-43). It is frequently stated that hooliganism at football competitions turn out to be much more widespread in the 1970's and 1980's, with extra details of range of violence at contests. Nevertheless, yet again it is hard to know whether the quantity of chaos amplified or whether the rising media attention in, and exposure of, throng's chaos has destined it is reported faraway more often. Fundamental Problems Of Hooliganism Hypothetical explanations of football spectator hostility dwell in four different categories. First, there is the early on approach which accentuates that hooligan activities is a representative effort by blue-collar fans to reinstate some power over a game which they feel gradually more estranged from. Second, there is the ethogenic approach, which sees football watchers fighting as a custom appearance of mannish violent behavior. A third clarification, the planned segmentation approach focuses the implication of lower working class group arrangements and premature socialization as the key to perceptive the models of violent behavior shown by football hooligans. A concluding group of approaches see football viewer's chaos as a way of recompensing for the defeat of society sourced by post-war business and municipal expansion. This analytical research supplies a critical evaluation of some key features of the outcomes of comebacks to racism within British football. Other three features are recognized as: the conflation of racism with hooliganism'; the responsibility of antiracist operations within the sport; and the refutation of the trouble of racism within football sport. It is disputed that even as some of these interferences are praiseworthy, a common flaw is a malfunction to understand the environment and forcefulness of diverse racisms. This worry reflects more universal debates about the need to theories the intricacy and variety of the notion of racism and to recognize its opposing temperament. Writers in the past have stressed out the significance of touching away from extraordinary outsets of

Cultural Competence with Gay and Lesbian Essay Example for Free

Cultural Competence with Gay and Lesbian Essay Being gay or lesbian has several implications notable of which are the manifestations of discrimination. Such effect is aggravated by a condition wherein the homosexuals are part of a diversified culture. This paper aims to make a presentation on â€Å"Cultural Competence with Gays and Lesbians† as discussed in the textbook written by Doman Lum. In doing so, it is the ultimate objective of this paper to make the public realize the important functions of social work professionals particularly their cultural capabilities in handling issues such as discrimination concerning homosexuals. Cultural Competence with Gay and Lesbian Introduction There is a joke about four people who are about to be fired because their company is facing profit loss. The manager failed to fire the initial three employees composed of black man, Mexican and woman. This is because the three threaten to sue the company for discriminating people based from their race, ethnic or culture and gender. The manager then was bent in firing the fourth employee noting there will be no problem at all because he is a male white American. Hence, to avoid dismissal, the fourth employee simply says â€Å"Well, I guess I could be gay† (â€Å"Gay joke – positive discrimination,† 2007). The said joke and its implication manifest that the concept of homosexuality has long been of undeniable significance to humans’ existence and the reality of being in different cultures where they belong. Hence, it is of equal relevance that being homosexual and the idea of cultural competence with gay and lesbian are effectively presented. This is because of the notable relationship which exists between homosexuality and racial or cultural color. Most importantly, it is also empirical to talk about that being gays and lesbians in a diversified culture results into the very damaging practice of discrimination. It is, therefore, of ultimate concern and objective that the value of having understandable presentation about being homosexual in varied culture is realized. This is possibly achieved if people with expertise will discuss the subject matter. This is due to the need for clear presentation of all the details which paves the way for being culturally capable with homosexual persons and eventually resolving the issue of discrimination. Of Gays and Lesbians In today’s modern society, the commonality of being and lesbian has sets ground. In fact, social recognition and work practice have advanced due to the fact that significant number of gays and lesbians from various cultures already came forward. Gone are the days that homosexuality is perceived as a social ill which requires change. Thus, concerned field professionals realize nowadays the existing personal and cultural identities of homosexuals by exerting earnest efforts at upholding their distinct nature of being gays and lesbians. This condition was what Walters, Longres, Han and Icard (2006) stated when they discussed the concept of â€Å"cultural competence with gay and lesbian persons of color† (Walters, Longres, Han Icard, 2006). In presenting further the issue, Walters and company explained that while homosexuality is now openly talked about, it is significantly worthy to consider and focus on the conditions affecting gays and lesbians of color or what they called GALOCs. This is because through a clear and mind-opening discussion about the negative or harmful situations that homosexuals of diversified cultures are experiencing, the society is aimed at realizing the important contributions and roles of social work professionals. In doing so, addressing, if not resolving concerns and the various forms of discrimination against GALOCs are easily achieved (Walters, Longres, Han Icard, 2006). Cultural Competence with Gays and Lesbians It is necessary for social workers or professionals to exemplify cultural competence in dealing with homosexuals of various ethnic roots. This is in order to identify the nature and eventually come up with possible solutions to the experiences of discrimination against gays and lesbians. Prejudice due to being homosexual is itself not in accordance with human nature thus aggravating the situation by subjecting gays and lesbians to unfairness due to their respective or varying cultures causes more alarm (Walters, Longres, Han Icard, 2006). Walters and company emphasized the principle of cultural ability and proficiency of social workers or professionals in handling issues concerning gays and lesbians. They stated that the effective development of a well and cultural characteristics among GALOCs calls for the social professionals’ competence to talk and resolve issues such as discrimination against gays and lesbians of different race. This is where the clear link between racial personality and sexual distinctiveness of gays and lesbians definitely matters. This is because once recognized, social professionals are able to respond and resolve the condition of bias inflicted among homosexuals of various colors (Walters, Longres, Han Icard, 2006). This is particularly realized based from the manifestations of discrimination made to several homosexuals from racial groups composed of â€Å"First Nations Peoples, African Americans, Asian Americans and Latino/s Americans† (Walters, Longres, Han Icard, 2006). In doing so, Walters and company learned that there is indeed a need for cultural competence among social professionals in order to underline the harmful effects of social injustices which the gays and lesbians inevitably suffer (Walters, Longres, Han Icard, 2006). Supporting the above-mentioned principles, it can be said that cultural capability, particularly as regard the social professionals’ service and practice towards GALOCs, requires the critical assessment of numerous social and private characteristics. It also needs the recognition of inconsistent duties as well as several factors that relate with discrimination of gays and lesbians coming from different cultures. Social fairness orientation, as far as social work service and practice towards homosexuals is concern, makes us wary that oppression and discrimination should cease to exist. If it is otherwise tolerated to happen in the areas of culture and gender or sexual preference, then nobody, not even the gays and lesbians are really free (Walters, Longres, Han Icard, 2006). Conclusion Cultural competence with gays and lesbians is attributed to the abilities of social professionals. This means that culturally-capable social work service and its professionals need liberating pedagogy which respects the value of the fight for cultural and gender impartiality for homosexuals. And this ultimately includes the fight against discrimination. References In my mind’s eye. (2007, December 19). Gay joke – positive discrimination. Message posted to http://pure-eyecontact. blogspot. com/2007/12/gay-joke-positive-discrimination. html Walters, K. L. , Longres, J. F. , Han, C. Icard, L. D. (2006). Cultural Competence with Gay and Lesbian Persons of Color. In Doman Lum (Ed. ), Culturally Competent Practice: A Framework for Understanding Diverse Groups and Justice Issues (389-423). Kentucky: Thomson Brooks/Cole.

Dark Romanticism And The Black Cat English Literature Essay

Dark Romanticism And The Black Cat English Literature Essay Dark romanticism refers to a literary subgenre that materialized from the transcendental philosophical movement which was common in nineteenth-century in America. Works within the dark romantic spirit were powered by Transcendentalism, however did not entirely hold the ideas of Transcendentalism. Such workings are notably less positive than transcendental texts concerning mankind, divinity, and nature. Edgar Allan Poe is amongst authors who are considered most envoy of dark romanticism. The Dark part of Poe was recognized as a Dark Romantic due to his style of writing. A Dark Romantic was identified for valuing instinct over logic and reason as well as thought that human events had definite signs and symbols behind them. Edgar Allen Poe used the literary skill of symbolism very well, of which Dark Romantics were identified to use quite regularly (Poe 3, 1981). Dark Romantics were recognized to explore the dark side of an issue, but Poe was particularly known for this for the reason that he had a very mad and unbalanced psyche. Poe made use of conflicts and bad occurrences from his own life to assist add him in his dark and sinister writings. In The Black Cat, the majority of the drama occurs inside the home, and revolves around the narrators rapport with his pets and wife. Like so many stories of terror and depravity, The Black Cat combines the family drama with the horror. This strikes into some of our deepest fears of what can fail at home. Home is a place where we are supposed to be safe and most comfortable, and is as well where we are most susceptible (Poe 8, 1981). However, in the black cat the home for the characters inside this story is anything but safe. The apprehension of The Black Cat extends past the end of the story, given that the ending does not give us the reader many answers. The likelihood that supernatural forces are at work puts in another level of suspense and, perhaps, one more layer of terror (Poe 29, 1981). Poe was writing before the period of the Civil War. The institution of slavery was still permissible in the US, furthermore was a part of southern life. There is a possibility that The Black Cat may be the narrative of hanged slave, as well as being the story of a hanged cat. Poe is called a Dark Romantic due to the literary techniques he used in The Black Cat as his life influenced his writing. The fear of The Cask of Amontillado, as in a lot of of Poes tales, dwells in the lack of facts that accompanies Montresors alleges to Fortunatos insult and thousand injuries. The story features vengeance and secret murder as a means to avoid using legal channels for revenge. Law is nowhere Poes radar screen, and the continuing horror of the story is the verity of punishment without evidence. Montresor uses his prejudiced knowledge of Fortunatos insult to name himself jury, judge, and executioner inside this tale, which as well makes him an unreliable chronicler. Montresor confesses this narrative fifty years after its incidence; such a significant course of time between the events and the recitation of the events makes the story all the more erratic. Montresors untrustworthiness overrides the rational deliberation of evidence, such as exacting occurrences of insult that would automatically precede any guilty verdict in non-Poe humanity. The Cask of Amontillado takes biased interpreta tion the reality that different people deduce the same things in a different way to its terrible endpoint. One more way Poe was able to convey Dark Romanticism was in the course of his use of symbolism. Poes employ of color imagery is central to his inquiring of Montresors motives. His face wrapped in a black silk mask, Montresor signifies not blind justice but relatively its Gothic opposite: prejudiced revenge. In disparity, Fortunato dons the motley-colored outfit of the court fool, who obtains literally and tragically duped by Montresors masked intentions. The color schemes here symbolize the irony of Fortunatos death verdict. Fortunato, Italian which means the fortunate one, faces the understanding that even the carnival period can be murderously grave (Poe 16, 2008). Montresor chooses the scenery of the carnival for its desertion of social order. Whereas the carnival generally indicates joyful social relations, Montresor distorts its merry desert, turning the carnival on top of its head. The frequent allusions to the bones of Montresors relations that line the vaults prefigure the st orys descent into the gangland. The two mens underground movements are a metaphor for their journey to hell. Since the carnival, in the earth of the living, does not take place as Montresor wants it to, he actually takes the carnival underneath ground, to the kingdom of the dead with the satanic. Edgar Allan Poe is able to demonstrate Dark Romanticism in the course of his symbols, representing knowledge and death. Edgar Allan Poe is able to demonstrate Dark Romanticism in the story, Poe often employs prediction. For instance, when Fortunato says that he shall not die of a cough, and Montresor replies, true; he knew that Fortunato will actually die from dehydration and starvation in the tomb. Montresors depiction of his familys coat of arms as well foreshadows future dealings. The shield shows a human foot crushing an obstinate serpent. In this image, the foot symbolizes Montresor and the serpent stands for Fortunato. Even though Fortunato has hurt Montresor with biting abuse, Montresor will eventually crush him. The dialogue about Masons also foreshadows Fortunatos end. Fortunato confronts Montresors claim that he is a associate of the Masonic class and Montresor replies insidiously through a visual pun. When he affirms that he is a mason by revealing his trowel, he denotes that he is a factual stonemason that is, that he builds things out of mortar and stones, that is to say Fortunatos grave( Poe 29, 2008). Individuals of the Dark Romantic genre have no faith in human perfect-ability. They also believe that human exertion will have no substantial effect upon humanity. They suppose that man is now only more lively not happier and not wiser, than he was many years ago. Dark Romanticism: While on this trip, the characters must cope with many pessimistic aspects: a ruined humanity, loss of treasured ones, cursed relationships, as well as conflicts in the mind for instance maniacs. The protagonists aim is achieved at the conclusion however at a price. Poe exemplifies this for instance in the Black Cat the narrative is filled with insecurities it ends with the cat being hanged. In The Cask of Amontillado there is ruined humanity, loss of the loved ones and cursed relationships for instance the relationship between Montresor and Fortunato can be considered cursed. Poe as well ends the story with the death of Fortunato. As a conclusion a lot of consider Edgar Allan Poe to be the influential dark romantic author. Much of his narratives and prose features his characteristic attention in exploring the psychology of man, as well as the perverse and self-destructive personality of the conscious and subliminal mind. His most persistent themes take in hand questions of death, counting its physical signs, the consequence of decomposition, apprehensions of premature funeral, the reanimation of the dead, as well as mourning. The Scarlet Letter is a romantic work of fiction written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 in a historical setting. It is considered to be his magnum composition. The Scarlet Letter is set in 17th-century Puritan Boston, and it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who had a baby through an adulterous affair and after that struggles to create a new life of contrition and dignity. All through the book, Hawthorne explores themes of sin, legalism, and guilt. Nathaniel Hawthorne thought that the Puritans were impure in The Scarlet Letter. In a world where culture is disorganized, unhappy, and frenzied, it can be extremely hard to provide an honest, furthermore just law system.   Consequently, in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, inhabitants use their religion which is Puritan, as judge, jury, as well as executioner.   For various people, it can be extremely troublesome to live an ordinary life when you are bounded by biased and prejudiced men and women.   Inside this narrative, Hester Prynne is a victim of her fellow townsfolk, and her religion. Hawthornes major point in reference to Puritanism was the impurity of the culture. All through the book, Hawthorne writes in relation to the townspeople and how they work and behave towards one other, Hester, and life generally.   The novel begins with Hester walking towards the city scaffold to be seen for public show, because she committed the offense of adultery (Hawthorne 7). The main action of The Scarlet Letter takes place in the Boston of 1640s, a solemn, gray, violently moral society founded as a sort of Puritan utopia. Inside this book the Puritan lifestyle is evidently misrepresented. Hawthornes expressions clearly express his aversion for the Puritan culture and way of life, which he demonstrates through his depiction of the societys hypocrisy, and also through his depiction of the priests and the governors gluttony (Hawthorne 85). Nathaniel Hawthorne is born with a prejudiced against this culture; this is due to his ancestral lineage to one of the most important participants within the Salem Witch Trials. It was as a consequence of this lineage that Hawthorne probably changed his surname. His relations name at his delivery was Nathaniel Hathorne without a W, although after Hawthorne had done some wide-ranging investigation the Salem Witch Trials as well as the Puritan culture, he became after that became disgusted with their whole way of life and afterwards added a W to his paternal name which he used until his death. Despite the fact that this change was not clear in the reading, it clearly affected the general attitude of the book. Clearly signifying the Puritans in a constructive light was not a very outstanding thought in Hawthornes brain when he was lettering The Scarlet Letter. He evidently shows his distaste for it all through the novel. Beyond the novel, he shows this by altering his family name so as to dissociate himself with his relatives who were involved inside the Salem Witch Trials. Within the text Hawthorne as well states many literal facts regarding the Puritans mistaken way of life (Hawthorne 27). Hawthorne was tied to early Puritan culture because of his relatives who were involved inside the Salem Witch Trials. Rejection of the culture is evident when he changed his name. First at the very beginning of the narrative, he clearly portrayed the townswomens as well as the many other town associates hypocrisy which is shown all the way through the book. He as well shows this through the avowals of the priests and governor regarding living a simple lifestyle when within real life these people live exaggerated lives. Evidently Hawthorne has a severe detest for the Puritan culture and it is evidently shown in his writing (Hawthorne 187).

Child Soldiers Essay

Child Soldiers Essay What is a Child Soldier? Is using Child Soldiers really ok? Some may say that it’s alright to use child soldiers while others are trying to stop some countries in our world from using children as soldiers. Child soldiers are being used in our world today, these children are used to be spies, decoys, cooks, in the front lines of the battles and the girls are many times used as sex slaves. To become a child soldier many times the children are kidnapped from their homes and forced to kill their own family so they won’t have a home to return to. Many people in our world today do not agree with militaries using children to fight battles because it is ruining the lives children and also it is not fair to put a child fighting against a grown man or woman. The United Nations or the UN is trying to put a stop to children being used as soldiers and they have made a goal to have no child soldiers in the world by 2016. Many people believe that using child soldiers is very wrong and messed up, yet some countries use children as soldiers. The number of children being used as soldiers in our world has been growing every year. In our world today the number of child soldiers being used in wars i s close to 250, 000 children. Of all the child soldier in this world about 60% of them are boys and about 40% are girls. Back in the old days when guns were not as popular as they are in today’s world, child soldiers were not as popular. They weren’t as popular because the weapons used during wars were swords or large knifes which were much too heavy for a child to use against an enemy and would not have a chance against an actual adult soldier. Although in our world today the child soldiers are able to use assault rifles that are light enough for a child to handle. The assault rifles that are commonly found being used by the child soldiers are the M16 and the AK47 because these weapons are very light as well as very simple to operate. These weapons are so simple to use that a child soldier at an age of 10 years old can disassemble and reassemble it in a matter of minutes. Groups will use child soldiers during wars because nobody in the world wants to kill a child duri ng a war. The reason children are used as soldiers is because they are very easy to brainwash and manipulate. When an army or group has a child as a soldier they do not need to pay the child as much as they would have to pay adults in the army. Children also have not developed a full sense of danger so the army does not need to worry very much about the children running away from the battle. Since the children do not eat as much as adults the army does not need to spend a lot of money on food. Another reason militaries like to use children as soldiers is because they can be used as spies or even decoys because children can more easily blend into a crowd than an adult spy could because most people look at a child and don’t think they could do any harm to anyone or be an enemy. Children are very vulnerable to recruitment by groups or armies if they are not educated, poor, not with a family, or they live in a war zone. Many children do not volunteer to join these militaries that have child soldiers but instead they have been forcibly recruited by the militaries. Even though many governments have declared that using children as a soldier is illegal, rebel groups and armies still use children as soldiers. Many times in today’s world children are abducted from their homes and these children mainly come out of the country’s poorest villages and cities. A village may be forced to give a required number of their children to the army or group and in return they would be safe from any attacks by that army or group; a tactic that was made popular by the Lord’s Resistance Army which, is a rebel group that originated in Uganda that is known for using children as soldiers. Some children would be forced by their parents to volunteer because the paren ts could afford to pay for the food and shelter of their children, so if the children went into one of these armies then the child would at least be able to have food and water. Sometimes, the group will say that if the child joins the army then the child will be granted protection, food, and even payment but, most of the time the children aren’t given everything they were told they would get. When soldiers are going to go and get new child soldier recruits they many times make the child kill a member of their own family so then they would not be able to back to their family. â€Å"Once recruited, children undergo varying degrees of indoctrination, often verging on the brutal†¦..Some rebel groups in Cambodia and Mozambique turned children into fierce warriors by subjecting them to a brief period of terror and physical abuse—socializing them into violence.† Since many of these children have been outlawed by their village, have been brutal beaten both physically and mentally as well as being drugged multiple times, they are able to go to different villages and do the same thing to other children and recruit them because they have been brainwashed. Girls are used as well but not found as often in the gun fights like the boys. The girls are instead mainly used as cooks and fetching water for the soldiers. Unfortunately the young girls are very vulnerable the re for they are often used for sexual pleasures by the soldiers. (Children as Soldiers.Children as Soldiers. UNICEF, n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2014). The effects on the children after what they have done and been through will stick with them longer than it took their physical scars to heal and for them to recover from their drug addictions. Many of these children don’t think anything of the violent acts they commit, whether that is beating someone or killing someone they do not see what they are doing is wrong. This can damage the child’s brain for the rest of their life because when they were committing all of the violence, their brain was in its developing stages. Even when the children that were one of the child soldiers have escaped or set free, the children cannot return back to the their villages and families because they have been outlawed by their community. These children have been outlawed from their village because when the children were being recruited for the army they had to kill a family member of theirs in order to join. A good amount of the girls that are child soldiers can’t return to their v illages because while they were a child soldier they became pregnant from one of the soldiers and now have a baby, which their village would not allow inside the village. Almost all of the child soldiers have little or no education since they missed so many years of school in the early years of their life. Since they do not have much of an education they do not have a very promising future ahead of them so they will go back to these groups that originally recruited them so that they will at least be able to have food and water. â€Å"In June 2013 the UN set a goal to have no child soldiers anywhere in the world by 2016.There are eight Government armies listed for the recruitment and use of children and six of them have already committed to making their armies child ­free. In 2012, South Sudan, Myanmar, Somalia and the Democratic Republic of Congo signed action plans with the United Nations. The previous year, Afghanistan and Chad made similar commitments. Discussions initiated with the Governments of Yemen and Sudan are expected to lead to action plans in the near future.† Even though most of these governments have outlawed the use of children as soldiers, rebel groups within these countries will still continue to use children as soldiers, (Child Soldiers. Child Soldiers. War Child, n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2014). The Child Soldiers International is a group of people from around the world that are working together to make sure that all children under the age of 18 are allowed to live in peace, have their rights and grow up in an area where they can thrive and reach their full potential. They believe that if this is to happen then children must be protected from being in any form of military and stay out of the wars. Child Soldiers International says that a child is anyone under the age of 18 years old; also these children must be protected because they are in their most important developmental stages of their lives, where they develop what is morally right or wrong and maturity both physically and psychologically. This international group has set an international law stating that a child under the age of 18 cannot be recruited to be in any form of military or armed group. The use of children through both civil wars and country wars has been obvious over the years. Many times the leaders of these groups and armies give the children false hopes and promises, the children are drugged to kill other people and even kill their own family. Even though using children as soldiers is looked down upon people in our world don’t see the harm it does to the children, they just look at how the children will help them. â€Å"Despite this, in the last ten years over two million children have been killed, over one million orphaned, over six million have been left seriously injured or permanently disabled and over 10 million have been diagnosed with psychological trauma.† There are two arguments when it comes down to the topic of whether child soldiers should be held responsible for their violent acts, (Child Soldiers: Invisible Children Child Soldiers- Defining the Topic. Child Soldiers: Invisible Children. Weebly, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014). One side of the argument says that child soldiers should not be help responsible for their actions. They should not be held accountable because many of them did not have a choice of whether or not they wanted to become a child soldier. Also while they were child soldiers they were brainwashed through the use of drugs. The drugs would allow the child soldier to commit violent acts and not think acts were wrong. Some children would join to get food and water but never would have thought that they would have to do any actual fighting. The other side of the argument is that child soldiers should be held responsible for the violent acts they have committed. Some believe that child criminals and child soldiers are the same thing in a way and should be treated the same and be prosecuted. Child soldiers have been accountable for some of the most disturbing, brutal, and violent acts during a time of war, for example raping and killing large amounts of innocent people in villages and cities. Child soldiers are still being put in jail and put on trial, even though International Criminal Court Article 26 states that anyone under the age of 18 may not be prosecuted in a court of law. It would be a lie to say that all child soldiers are forced to fight because some child soldiers join the fight because they want to avenge a family members death. If a child is not forced to become a soldier but joins by free will then that child should be taken into custody because this child understood what they were doing and that it was wr ong. Some believe that it is not right to the victims of the child soldiers if the children are just allowed to walk free. If child soldiers did not have to be prosecuted for their crimes then their leaders would most likely make the children do all the crimes against others since the children will not be charged with anything. In our world today everyone has different opinions about whether or not child soldiers should be held accountable for their violent acts. The Children and Justice During and in the Aftermath of Armed Conflict report says: â€Å"If a child under the age of 15 is considered too young to fight, then he or she must also be considered too young to be held criminally responsible for serious violations of IHL while associated with armed forces or armed groups.† Children are recruited so much to be a soldier because they are very easily manipulated and intimidated. The children are to young to understand what the consequences of their actions can lead to, in other words they haven’t developed much mental maturity. All of the drugs that are used on the children does a lot of mental damage because their frontal lobes which controls what decisions to make is being significantly damaged and will not develop right. Radhika Coomaraswamy, SRSG for child soldiers, said, â€Å"If minor children who have committed serious war crimes are not prosecuted, this could be an incentive for their commanders to delegate to them the dirtiest orders, aiming at impunity,† ( Humanitarian News and Analysis. IRINnews. IRIN, n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2014). In my opinion, I believe that child soldiers should not be held accountable for the violent acts. I have learned that child soldiers are many times kidnapped from their families and forced to kill a family member and are given many false hopes from their leaders. The child soldiers are drugged and brainwashed so that they can go around and kill innocent people as well as recruit more children like themselves. I believe that any person, especially a child, should not be prosecuted for their violent acts because they were not aware of whether what they were doing was right or wrong. I believe there is a difference in a child criminal and a child soldier because a child criminal is making a decision themselves and are completely aware of that they are doing, while a child soldier does not. For example, lets say a 10 year old boy kills his baby brother by drowning him in the tub. The 10 year old boy would be considered a child criminal and should be prosecuted because the boy was not for ced to kill his baby brother. Now if a child soldier has killed another person then I do not think they should be persecuted because they were forced to commit the violent act. Instead the child soldier should have to go through rehab. The Truth and Reconciliation Commissions and Disarmament is a much better way of helping children recover from their violent acts as a soldier so that they can go back out into the real world. Rehab programs have been proven to be successful when it comes to people recovering from war. A good example of someone that was a child soldier in Sierra Leone and went through rehab when he was rescued is Ishmael Beah, the author of A Long Way Gone. â€Å"At age sixteen, he was removed from fighting by UNICEF, and through the help of the staff at his rehabilitation center, he learned how to forgive himself, to regain his humanity, and, finally, to heal,† (Beah, Ishmael. A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007 . Print). A child soldier has a very rough and confusing life. A child soldier begins without having a family or village anymore because they have been outlawed due to killing a family member. The children are drugged and are forced to commit the most brutal acts of violence such as, raping and killing innocent people. Some say that child soldiers should be prosecuted due to the violent acts they have committed but, most of these children did not even understand what they were doing when committing the crimes. No child should have to kill to survive, if they try to escape the horror that surrounds them then they are killed. Our world today needs to make a huge effort to stop the use of children as soldiers because it is not right to ruin a child’s life for something they do not even understand. Bibliography Beah, Ishmael. A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007. Print. Cambridge Journals Online The Journal of Modern African Studies Abstract Children of War: Child Soldiers as Victims and Participants in the Sudan Civil War by C. Ryan London: I.B. Tauris, 2012. Pp. 320.  £59.50 (hbk). Cambridge Journals Online The Journal of Modern African Studies Abstract Children of War: Child Soldiers as Victims and Participants in the Sudan Civil War by C. Ryan London: I.B. Tauris, 2012. Pp. 320.  £59.50 (hbk). Cambridge University Press, n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2014.Child Soldiers. Child Soldiers. War Child, n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2014. Child Soldiers: Invisible Children Child Soldiers- Defining the Topic. Child Soldiers: Invisible Children. Weebly, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. Dixon, Robyn. Former Sierra Leone Child Soldier Helps Other Victims. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 30 Aug. 2012. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. Government Forces Commit to End Recruitment and Use of Child Soldiers. United Nations Office of the Special Representative of the SecretaryGeneral for Children and Armed Conflict. United Nations, 17 June 2013. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. Humanitarian News and Analysis. IRINnews. IRIN, n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2014.

Black Mustard (Brassica nigra) :: Botany

Black Mustard (Brassica nigra) The mustard plant has often been mentioned in the Bible, and most of us are familiar with Jesus' parable of the mustard seed. However, there is great debate as to what the "mustard" plant of Jesus' parable really was. Most modern commentators agree that it was the ordinary black mustard, Brassica nigra, but there are still a few who disagree. These others suggested that the mustard in the Bible could have been Salvadora persica, a shrub found in thickets around the Dead Sea, but authorities say that this plant did not grow where Jesus spoke his parables. Also Phytolacca decandra, the pokeberry, was theorized to be the "mustard tree". That too was discounted because it is now regarded as an American plant. One major argument against Brassica for the "mustard" of the Bible is based on the Biblical statements concerning its becoming a "tree", and "the fowls of the air lodged in the branches of it". Supporters of this argument claim that the mustard plant never becomes a great tree, and it would not be sturdy enough for birds to nest. In rebuttal, it has been pointed out that we must realize that much of the language in the Bible is figurative, and that indeed small sparrow-like birds perched temporarily on the branches of the mature mustard plant to feed on its seeds. Even today birds are very fond of mustard seed. Guatama Buddha also told a parable about the mustard seed, and in India, mustard is the symbol of reproductive generation. Mustard is a very interesting plant with a lot of history and many uses. It has both medicinal and culinary value useful to man in the past and present. Its many relatives are ever present in our daily lives as well. Black mustard is scientifically known as Brassica nigra. It is of the family Cruciferae. The plant is native of Europe and Asia; it has become naturalized in this country and has escaped from cultivation, so that it is often a troublesome weed. Therefore, it is often found on the roadside, in vacant lots, and especially in grain fields. There has been some success in the use of chemical herbicides in ridding grain fields of mustard. These include iron sulfate and sulfuric acid in the form of a spray. All grasses are resistant to this spray, but the young mustards are killed by it.

Tom Sawyer :: essays research papers

Tom Sawyer Tom Sawyer is a boy who is full of adventures. In his world there is an adventure around every corner. Some of his adventures have lead him into some bad situations but with his good heart and bright mind he has gotten out of them. Tom lives with his aunt Polly, his cousin Mary and his bother Sid. One of the first things to happen in the book is a memorable one, the painting of the fence.   Tom's aunt Polly made Tom paint her fence on a Saturday as a punishment.   Tom just hated the idea of having to work on a Saturday while all of the neighborhood could make fun of and harass him.   After Tom tried to trade some of his possessions for a few hours of freedom he had a stroke of genius, instead of him paying people to work for him, he made people pay him to paint.   Tom managed this by telling people that it isn't every day that you get a chance to paint a fence and he thought it was fun.   He had people begging him to paint by the time that he was finished his story. He would have taken every boy in the town's wealth if he had not run out of paint. On June 17th about the hour of midnight, Tom and his best friend Huck were out in the grave yard trying to get rid of warts, when they witnessed a murder by Injun Joe. At the time Muff Potter was drunk and asleep so Injun Joe blamed the murder him (Muff Potter). They knew if crazy Injun Joe found out they knew, he would for sure kill them.   Tom wrote on a   wooden board "Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer swear to keep mum about this and they wish they may drop down dead in their tracks if they ever tell and rot", then in their own blood they signed their initials TS and HF. A few days after that incident Tom, Huck and Joe decided to go and become pirates because no one cared for their company anymore.   They stole some food and supplies and then they stole a raft and paddled to an island in the middle of the Mississippi River.   They stayed and pirated for several days, then they all became so home sick that they could not bear it anymore.   The next day Tom, Huck, and Joe showed up for their own funerals and there was much thanks and praise. The next big event in the town was the trial of Muff Potter for the

Free Julius Caesar Essays: Marcus Brutus :: Julius Caesar Essays

Marcus Brutus in The Tragedy of Julius Caesar    Caesar was the powerful ruler of Rome.   One of his dearest friends was a man named Marcus Brutus.   Brutus was a loyal friend, and was always true to his country. But when Brutus is facing a dilemma in which case he is torn between the life of his friend and what is better for the city of Rome.   With Brutus being a true Roman he chooses the death of his friend.   With Brutus joining the conspirators, who are plotting against Caesar, they are now even more powerful and can influence the people easier.   While all the conspirators stab Caesar in the back, Brutus is the only one to stab Caesar face to face.   Marc Antony, Ocatavius, and Lepidus take over the triumvirate.   Brutus and Cuis Cassuis took their troops in against Antony and his troops.   This will be where Brutus’ death and tragic flaw take place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While at camp Brutus and Cassius get into an argument leading to Cassuis saying he shall kill himself.   After that in solved Brutus heads to bed. In the middle of the night he wakes up to the ghost of Julius.   Caesar tells his old friend â€Å"Though shalt see me at Philippi.†Ã‚   Brutus is startled by this and isn’t sure what was meant by this. Will Caesar live again or is this some kind of omen.   Brutus and his troops March to Philippi. After Cassuis dies, Brutus and his troops are winning, although Brutus don’t realize it. Brutus decides to take the cowards way out of this and kill himself, rather than be drug through the streets of Rome.   Strato holds out his sword as Brutus runs about and kills himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brutus’ tragic flaw in all of this was he was too loyal to Rome and to his friend Caesar at the same time.   After killing Caesar he wasn’t sure if he had done the right thing. And then when after Antony spoke at the funeral and turned all of the people from Rome against Brutus, things started to go downhill for our hero.   Then during the battle when he thought he was defeated, and committed suicide, his flaw was complete.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brutus was a man loyal to his country.   He was very modest and did what he though was right.   Although he can be swayed by other people, like the planted letters, he still thinks and acts on his own.

Madame Bovary And The Death Of Ivan Ilych Essay

What is the nature of man? Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary and Leo Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilych portray not only a glimpse of what man’s nature is, but also in so doing provide a criticism of it. Both works look into the life of people who want more out of life, and yet ironically what they desire only adds shallowness and not meaning to their existence. Whereas Flaubert’s Madam Bovary shows the depressing end of a woman consumed by passions, Tolstoy gives hope with a dying man’s last days where he gets an epiphany of what the nature of man should be. Emma is Madame Bovary, a young woman who lived in her world of romantic fantasy. She came from the country and read romantic novels when she was in the convent, and believed in earnest that love and marriage will make her happy. But after marrying a simple-minded and incompetent doctor Charles, she grows disillusioned as she sinks in the routine activities of daily life. She wanted romance, passion, excitement, and although her husband loves her and adores her, she wanted more. She wanted the latest trends in fashion and she felt that she was born unjustly to a lower class than was supposed to be for her, the aristocrat. But Emma does nothing to earn the admiration or the respect of the people she admired: she can copy their outward mannerism and clothes, but she does not have the refinement or the manners to be truly aristocratic. She merely believes in her fantasy world where the aristocrats live in luxury and a life of excitement. She was ambitious, but did not have any means to acquire her material cravings but for using her beauty and body. She gets into extramarital affairs because she finds her married life dull, even when she gives birth to a daughter. She does not take care of her daughter because she wanted a boy, and instead romps off with Rodolphe Boulanger, and does not care what other people say. She is oftentimes indiscreet and cares not of her reputation or her husband’s. Emma is self-centered and she had a sense of entitlement and superiority which had no basis but drove her to act without a thought to the consequences of her actions. She is, in a way, always likening herself to playing a role that sparks her imagination at the moment: a young woman being married to a foreign doctor, a middle class with a noble’s spirit, a bored wife having an affair, a lover, a woman of rich tastes. She could not accept that her reality was the norm and that her fantasies were exaggerated, dramatic ideals. When she was young she wanted the same romance she read in her romantic novels. When she became exposed to the high society at the ball she wanted to become like them. When she saw the melodramatic opera â€Å"Lucia de Lammemoor† she adopts the character and like her commits suicide. She drove herself to debt by buying expensive items which she sometimes gave as gifts to her lovers even when she had no means of paying for these in the first place. She signed promissory notes even when she did not understand them because the merchant Lheureux played with her fantasy that she was meant for the finest things in life. When her first lover leaves her, she is distraught and falls gravely ill. With her second affair she acts as the man, covering the costs for the affair and taking charge of where, when, and how they will meet. Her debts pile up as she purchases more and more to fill the gaping hole in her being. She believed she needed passion and excitement, but it seems that what she really needed was purpose and direction, for her life held no meaning. Her innocent tendency towards romance is transformed into full blown moral corruption as she was unable to hold herself together and keep her urges and desires under control. Emma is not productive, she has no desire to improve herself or her skills, and she does not nurture her relationships with her husband, her daughter, not even with her lovers. She just saw them as means of escape from her dull life, and when they fall short of her expectations she just drops them. When the consequences of her actions finally catch up on her and her world becomes smaller and smaller, she decides to play a role – that of a tragic heroine and kills herself with swallowing arsenic. She could not face up to the trouble that she has caused and decides to escape rather than take responsibility as she could not imagine a life of poverty and shame – although her whole life she was never wealthy and she lived a scandalous life with her known affairs. Up until then she saw her life differently – believed she had wealth, pride and breeding because that was what she wanted, but sadly these did not bring her the happiness she sought. Emma had a good life but was not able to appreciate it with her preoccupation with the things she did not have. By focusing her energies on her fantasies of wealth and romance she failed to live her life to the fullest, and for the most part it could be said that she was living in a dream and when she woke to find herself in the gravity of her real life situation, she killed herself to escape, but there was no going back to her fantasy world, and no redemption as even after her death her husband discovers her infidelity which kills him and her daughter sent off to work on a cotton mill. In her, we see the nature of man as ruled by emotions, desires and appetites, without caution or control, without compassion to others. Emma was not able to see and recognize the humanity in her, all the time she was acting out, even her motherly functions, her martyr facade. She never truly enjoyed life because she never saw anything and anyone beyond their appearances, and never learned to appreciate the little things that make life worthwhile. The theme of life and death is also examined in Leo Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilych, where he uses the characters to critique the artificial life that people live in society characterized by materialism and shallowness. Tolstoy puts forward a picture of society with striking honesty and insight: individuals do not behave as individuals but rather aspire to be like everybody else, trying to live a correct life as appropriated by norms, striving to have a comfortable life accentuated with material wealth even if their spiritual life and human relationships are dry and empty. With his narrative, Tolstoy then poses the question of what is important in life, how life should be led, and ultimately, how important life is and how people take it for granted by deluding themselves into believing they are exempt from death. Most of the characters in the story are portrayed as materialistic social climbers, who equated material wealth and position in society as determinants of success and happiness. Ivan, his wife and daughter, his supposed friends, all troubled themselves with appearances – they were preoccupied with proper decorum and attires, of looking well off, of having power over others. But these are all temporal, for these things do not really matter in the face of death. Ivan finds out that what is important is living one’s life according to one’s own vindication, not blindly following trends in society which results in a shallow, routine, meaningless life. He belatedly understood that empathy and recognizing the individual as an individual with thoughts and emotions rather than as subjects with mere faces is what mattered in life, that to live humanly is what gives life its meaning. Only Gerasim and his son are the ones in the story that have empathy and humanity in them – in Gerasim it is made obvious by his understanding that everybody, regardless of position or appearance, are all equal, with the same fate waiting for them in the end, especially when he said, â€Å"We shall all of us die, so why should I grudge a little trouble? †. The son, on the other hand, is the only one in Ivan household who showed any feelings for his dying father – he took his father’s hand and kissed it while crying. This can be taken as the boy was young; he was still innocent and not yet tainted with the demands of society. Ivan himself was dissatisfied with the boy because he behaved differently from him, his wife and daughter, but in his last days it was his son who showed him that there is a human soul in the world who regarded his life important. Also, this depiction of the innocence in childhood is mirrored in Ivan’s experiences: the only times he felt truly alive was when he was a boy, before he went to Law School. Being assimilated into society, he found that he trapped himself into a prison of standards, and lived a largely artificial life. Tolstoy showed that an artificial life is characterized by materialism and social climbing. At the beginning of the story, we find Ivan dead but his friends were chiefly concerned with the position that he will be vacating, the promotions and changes in the workplace and what they have to gain from it, all the while denying to themselves that they too will end up like Ivan sooner or later, that they will die eventually. They act as though they could live forever and concern themselves with the trivial everyday things. Even in his wake, his friends put a show of grievance because it was what was required of â€Å"friends†, but were more interested in playing bridge. They did not see the inevitability of death and suffering, of the hollowness of their lives. Peter Ivanovich, Ivan’s perceived closest friend, somehow felt disturbed and concerned, but rushed to quell these feelings because he reasoned he was alive and Ivan dead and there should be no reason to â€Å"hinder their spending the evening agreeably†. When he was still alive, Ivan himself saw how he had lived superficially in the way his doctors treated him, as though he was some subject whose sentence they hold in their hands, his life holding no real importance or meaning to the doctors. What mattered to the doctors was their perception of themselves that they feel important and significant by virtue of their occupation; that is what gave them satisfaction and purpose. Ivan himself acted the same way many times in his life – with the accused brought before him he reduced them to facts on paper and did not see them as individuals, he got married for it was expected of a man of his station and chose a bride not out of love or devotion but out of the social status it will benefit him. In the end, the story teaches that material wealth and position in society are not what matters. In the face of death, one looks back at the quality of life that he has led, and the most precious times would be the ones he felt most alive, when he was free and himself. The Death of Ivan Ilych and Madame Bovary teach us the nature of man as susceptible to fantasies of the happiness that wealth and material possessions can bring, but in reality these are more likely to corrupt us than give us real happiness. The nature of man is that of desire – desire to achieve in all aspects of life, and in this man should always apply himself to make himself a better person. However, desire for achievement is different from greed. Achievement should not only be limited to the professional and material aspects of life, but more importantly to the relationships with others. The meaning and purpose of life is not about the material achievement but how well one lived his life. Man’s nature reflects that of his society, and society that of man, as the individual is part of the whole and the whole consists of its parts. Both protagonists were deeply influenced by their time and what was regarded as important then. They have let others dictate, influence and take advantage of them, and by not taking responsibility d control over their lives they eventually found themselves in situations they did not dream of. This could have only come up to those who did not examine their actions and the kind of life they lead. Emma and Ivan believed that wealth and material things can bring happiness, but they both ended up dead – although here the stories’ protagonists differ. Whereas Emma chooses suicide to escape her suffering, Ivan comes to terms with his death and accepts it. Although Emma’s final act was of her own decision, we cannot say that she was finally taking things in her hands as before that she was always feeling hindered and trapped by her circumstances. She did not have a realization of what brought down her downfall, even in her final days she did not know what held meaning and not. Her suicide, like all her actions before, was an attempt at escaping reality, and this time she succeeded. Emma was not able to redeem herself, nor was she able to see what would make her life happy, but Ivan was changed and in his last days was able to make sense of his suffering. Tolstoy showed that no matter how sullen or materialistic a man behaved and lived, there is still hope for him to change as long as he lives. That man’s innate nature is towards living an authentic life, towards goodness, and that even if society is corrupt and superficial, pure love and humanity also exists, and it is always within us, and also in our capacity, to choose what kind of life to lead.

What Is Love “The Great Gatsby”

The great depression, bootleggers, Jazz, flappers and changing lifestyles are all part of the roaring 20’s. A time when women redefined themselves and music grew to an all time high. This revolutionary and dynamic decade is the setting for The Great Gatsby and â€Å"Winter Dreams† both by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Set in New York, The Great Gatsby is the story of James Gatz, a newly rich man who tries to regain the love of his past girlfriend, Daisy, who is already married.The story â€Å"Winter Dreams†, set in Minnesota, is the story of Dexter, a boy who falls in love with an even younger girl, Judy Jones, who falls back into love with Dexter despite the constant attention of her previous husband , who seeks her love explains their complicated love lives. In both, works The Great Gatsby and â€Å"Winter Dreams† Fitzgerald discusses the theme of unrequited love, in which two men spend their entire lives and effort to win over a woman’s heart even though their loves goes unreturned Winter Dreams† shows the theme of unrequited love. To establish this theme, the reader finds out that â€Å"his heart turned over like the fly wheel of the boat, and, for the second time, her casual whim gave a new direction to his life†(Fitzgerald). This shows us that Dexter’s heart is totally enveloped in Judy and he is madly in love with her. It also shows that, even the slightest sound sends him over the edge. A man doing anything for a girl is also clear in The Great Gatsby. Furthermore ,The theme of unrequited love is shown in The Great Gatsby.To help demonstrate this theme, the reader finds out that â€Å"Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay†(Fitzgerald, 83). This shows that Gatsby is obsessed with Daisy and will do anything to be near her. Finally, it indicates that Gatsby will do anything to keep an eye on her, even if it means moving or buying a house near her. In both the novel and the s hort story, men almost go crazy to possess the girl of their dreams, but both are tragically denied this opportunity only after they have spent all their time and effort pursuing unrequited love.In The Great Gatsby, Gatsby is murdered for something that Daisy does, and in â€Å"Winter Dreams† Dexter must realize that he will never be able to have his love and that it is best for both of them to give up. in that day, women where considered coquette today, we call them flirts. Women should not have been taking advantage of the men by walking all over the men but men should not have fallen for their selfish ways. So much for the American dream of true love.

Jack Greenberg, Inc.

Family owned business is a business that is owned by one family, most of the shareholders are from the same family. One of the major problems in this type of business is a conflict in interests among the family’s member. The auditor should be careful and observe the type of the relationship among the family’s member. There should be a written agreement to specify rights, duties, and obligations for each member, the auditor should read those documents for further information.One issue that faced the auditor is to understand the attitude of each member, the risk of manipulating facts can be existed due to the close relationship. In the case of Jack Greenberg, the son has manipulated the numbers in the record for his father’s sake and no one would be able to prevent him since he is one of the owners. The possibility of hiding facts is high in this kind of business because of the close relationship among the family’s member.I believe the family owned business demands more effort from the auditor to check and discover misstatements. 2. For the prepaid inventory I would recommend that the auditor should focus on the following objectives; existing, occurrence, valuation and allocation, completeness, and right and obligation. Prepaid items represent a complete listing of the company’s costs that are allocable to future periods and that can reasonably be expected to be realized through future operations.As for the merchandise, the auditor should physically observe the inventory to verify the amount recorded, the most important part of the observation of inventory is to determine whether the physical count is being taken in accordance with the client’s instructions. The audit objective related to merchandise are; * Existence: Inventory as recorded on tags exists. * Completeness: Existing inventory is counted and tagged. * Accuracy: Inventory is counted accurately. * Realizable value: Obsolete and unusable inventory items are excl uded or noted. Rights: The client has rights to inventory recorded on tags. * Classification: Inventory is classified correctly on the tags. * Cutoff: Transactions are recorded in the proper period. 3. Internal evidence is created, used, and retained within the client’s organization and without the help of outside parties for example; sales invoices duplicate copy, employees’ time reports, inventory reports, and purchase requisitions. On the other hand, external evidence originates outside the client’s organization for example; bank statement.This type of documents generally prepared in the ordinary course of business activities and form part of its records whether of accounting or non-accounting nature. Sometimes obtained directly from source such as bank, debtors, and creditors confirmations. External evidence and the internally generated evidence circulated externally are more reliable than the internal evidence. 4. Walkthrough is simply the act of tracing a transaction through organizational records and procedures, a commonsense approach to learning how a process works.The purpose of walkthrough procedure is to evaluate the reliability of the client's accounting system. The auditor looks at the supporting documentation for a transaction from its starting point and then proceeds to examine the accounting system steps thereafter until ultimate disposition of the item. The walk-through examination is one of the tests that is important for the auditor to obtain an understanding of the client’s business. The U. S.Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) has drawn attention to a fundamental audit procedures, one that is so common that auditors may take it for granted is the walkthrough procedure. Most auditors traditionally have viewed walkthroughs as the procedure of choice when attempting to develop an understanding of key processes and internal controls of a client. Now, walkthroughs are required when certifying financial reporting controls under Section 404 of the U. S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. As it relates to Audit Standard No. from the PCAOB, the standard includes a requirement that the auditor must perform a walkthrough for each of the company’s significant processes. 5. I would highly recommend that the auditor should extend the scope of substantive test and increase the sample size in order to discover other misstatements that existed. The auditor also could trace documents to testify whether the inventory has been listed accurately. Analytical procedure and test of detail as part of substantive test to find the relationship between the inventory account and other accounts in the financial statements.Cut off test with physical observation to the inventory would help to discover fraud and any misstatement in the inventory account. In addition, the auditor may use confirmation to confirm amount listed in the record with third parties. 6. I think the audit firm responsibility is to info rm the client that there are weaknesses in their current internal control however the audit firm does not have the right to force the client to do some action regarding those deficiencies. The auditor should try to persuade the client and reveal the risks of having such a weak internal control system.In case the client did not cooperate with the auditor, the auditor should resign from performing audit services to the client; he or she should disclose that decision. The general Accepted Auditing Standards -AU 150 paragraph 2- require the auditor to maintain independence as a general rule, the auditor must also exercise due professional care in the performance of the audit and the preparation of the report therefore, in order to maintain the auditor independence, the auditor should have his or her own voice and not just follow the client’s rule.

Marketing A New Product Essay

CheapTees, Inc. is a small manufacturing concern committed to the production of quality t-shirts at reasonable prices.   Part of the marketing strategy is to enter the Christmas giveaways segment of the market by offering products to firms needing quality items, which are to be given away to treasured customers and colleagues or partners. As the recipients of the gifts are considered very important from the firm’s viewpoint, it is essential that the product offered be of superior quality but at an affordable price.   According to website of BigStitches.com, the prospects for the garment industry seem very bright, as in 2002, when there was a registered increase of 16% in nationwide apparel sales over the previous year. Statement of Need The company is aware that many firms need to give Christmas gifts to its precious clients and colleagues during this most joyful season, and as such, it is the goal of this company to focus on its new product, a t-shirt called CheepTees. On the average, a medium-sized firm spends around USD10, 000 in Christmas gifts alone.   The company hopes to service this need to save firms from the usual headache and discomfort in terms of shopping for these gifts and going to the process of wrapping them before giving them away. Demographics Demographics are the characteristics of work group, organization, specific market or national populations, such as individuals between the ages of 18 and 25. For this particular product, demographics play an important role in marketing and advertising (McConnon, 2006). Statistics related to lifestyle habits, education and health are important in marketing this product and just as important in trying to market this product to a specific generation, like for instance, the youth. Thus, it is important that the specific target group be spelled out clearly as well as the geographic marketing area to which they belong. There is a need to get the best data, so the latest and most recent ones must be consulted in order to make a proper marketing strategy (Social/Economic/Demographic Statistics for Marketing). Marketing Marketing people can work their way through these websites and get a good glimpse of competitors. Since there is a proliferation of T-shirts in the market, this product must have a unique quality all its own. For instance, the designs will be handmade and made according to the client’s specifications. The company shall also look into some marketing upgrade. The company will focus strictly on messages that tell customers clearly about the products and services and how customers can benefit from using them. The company shall concentrate its advertising on specific feature/benefit premise. The company shall take the unique feature that it is handpainted with the customers’ personal taste in design. Selling Methods and Channels As the customers change, so have the ways companies get their attention. Customers are unique individuals and the company knows how to target and spend only on media that will reach potential prospects. The company will use smart advertising where it shall carefully craft marketing messages for individual customer types, speaking of the features and benefits in terms that each customer profile would appreciate. Direct mail works, but so do other focused methods like telemarketing. Customers demand convenience, price, access and selection. That is why, the company will also venture into Internet marketing in the future.